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Rio Tinto (RIO.L) — Company Research

Last Updated: 24 September 2026

Rio Tinto is one of the world's largest diversified miners. It digs, processes and sells iron ore, aluminium and its raw materials bauxite and alumina, copper and, since the March 2025 purchase of Arcadium Lithium, lithium. The group is a dual-listed company: Rio Tinto plc trades in London (RIO.L) with ADRs in New York, and Rio Tinto Limited trades in Sydney. Earnings rise and fall with commodity prices, above all the iron ore price. H1 2026 was strong: revenue rose 15% to $31.0bn, underlying EBITDA rose 28% and the interim dividend rose 43% to 211 US cents, paid today. Chief executive Simon Trott, in the job since August 2025, is pushing a $1.8bn productivity programme, bringing the Simandou iron ore project in Guinea into production and, according to a Bloomberg report today, expanding the group's metals trading arm. This refresh uses Rio Tinto's own results releases and SEC filings. It contains no analyst opinions and no price targets.

1. Company Snapshot

FieldValue
Legal structureDual-listed companies: Rio Tinto plc (registered in England, 6 St James's Square, London) and Rio Tinto Limited (Melbourne), run as one economic group
Exchange / tickerLondon Stock Exchange: RIO (RIO.L); NYSE ADR: RIO; ASX: RIO
SectorMaterials — diversified mining: iron ore, aluminium, copper and lithium
CEO / LeadershipSimon Trott, Chief Executive since 25 August 2025, when he succeeded Jakob Stausholm. CFO Peter Cunningham; Chair Dominic Barton
EmployeesAbout 61,000 in 34 countries (2025 annual report / Form 20-F)
Revenue (FY2025)$57.64bn consolidated sales revenue, up 7.4%. H1 2026: $31.03bn, up 15%
Net income (FY2025)Net earnings attributable to owners $9.97bn; underlying earnings $10.87bn; basic EPS 613.7 US cents
Market cap~£117bn (~US$155bn) for the combined group, with RIO.L at about 7,198p on 23 September 2026
Shares1,255.2m plc voting shares and 371.8m publicly held Limited shares at 31 August 2026
Reporting currency / year endUS dollars; 31 December. Half-yearly results and quarterly operations reviews
Dividend policyPays 40–60% of underlying earnings over the cycle. FY2025 total 402 US cents per share; 2026 interim 211 US cents, a 50% payout

Rio Tinto reports in US dollars, so pence-denominated share-price moves in London also reflect the sterling/dollar exchange rate.

2. Bull Case and Bear Case

Bull Case

  • Earnings momentum in 2026: H1 2026 underlying EBITDA rose 28% to $14.8bn, net earnings rose 47% to $6.66bn and free cash flow rose 75% to $3.83bn. The interim dividend rose 43% to 211 US cents.
  • Copper growth is arriving: copper revenue rose 48% to $13.7bn in FY2025 and 39% in H1 2026, helped by the Oyu Tolgoi underground mine in Mongolia, where H1 2026 copper output rose 31%. Copper unit-cost guidance was cut to 30–50 US cents per pound on 15 July 2026.
  • Simandou is shipping: the Guinea iron ore project shipped 2.2Mt to China in H1 2026 and made its first customer sales. 2026 guidance is 5–10Mt, opening a second large iron ore source outside the Pilbara.
  • Self-help on costs: $870m of productivity benefits had been banked by June 2026 against a target of a $1.8bn annualised run-rate by the end of 2026.
  • Low-cost Pilbara base: 2026 Pilbara unit-cost guidance is $23.5–25.0 per wet metric tonne FOB on shipments of 323–338Mt. Iron Ore still produced $15.2bn of underlying EBITDA in FY2025 even though its revenue fell 8%.

Bear Case

  • Iron ore dependence: iron ore was about 43% of H1 2026 product-group revenue and $15.2bn of FY2025 underlying EBITDA, so profits remain tied to Chinese steel demand and the iron ore price.
  • Higher debt after Arcadium: non-current borrowings rose from $12.3bn at the end of 2024 to $21.2bn at the end of 2025 after the $6.7bn Arcadium Lithium purchase, and net debt was $14.1bn at 30 June 2026.
  • Heavy capital spending: guidance is for up to $11bn of capital investment in both 2026 and 2027. Operating cash flow of $16.8bn in FY2025 left about $4.5bn after $12.3bn of capex.
  • Jurisdiction and operating risk: Mongolia issued tax assessments of about $443m, which Rio paid under protest, and a protest blockade halted Oyu Tolgoi exports until 18 June 2026. A furnace breach at the Kennecott smelter in Utah in June will cut second-half refined copper output.

3. Revenue Segments

Since 2025 Rio Tinto has reported three product groups: Iron Ore, Aluminium & Lithium, and Copper. The table uses the H1 2026 product-group revenue from the interim report. Product-group revenue totals $32.6bn, slightly more than the $31.0bn of consolidated revenue, because product-group figures include Rio's share of equity-accounted operations.

Segment% of revenueWhat it is
Iron Ore — $14.03bn43.0%Pilbara mines, rail and ports in Western Australia, plus Iron Ore Company of Canada. Simandou in Guinea is reported outside the product group. Revenue up 4%
Aluminium — $9.40bn28.8%Bauxite mining, alumina refining and aluminium smelting, including the Tomago and Boyne smelters and the Yarwun refinery in Australia. Revenue for Aluminium & Lithium together rose 24%
Copper — $8.62bn26.4%Kennecott (Utah) and Oyu Tolgoi (Mongolia) among other operations, plus development projects such as Resolution and Winu. Revenue up 39%
Lithium — $0.57bn1.7%Former Arcadium Lithium assets in Argentina, Canada and Australia, plus the Rincon project; reported within Aluminium & Lithium

In FY2025 product-group revenue was Iron Ore $29.0bn (down 8%), Aluminium $16.1bn (up 18%), Copper $13.7bn (up 48%) and Lithium $0.9bn. Copper delivered a record $7.4bn of underlying EBITDA, against $15.2bn from Iron Ore and $4.4bn from Aluminium.

4. Business Model & Moat

How it makes money. Rio Tinto sells physical commodities at prevailing market prices, so revenue depends on volume times price. Costs are largely fixed in the short run: labour, energy, diesel, maintenance and depreciation. That gives high operating leverage to commodity prices. Profit margins widen sharply when prices rise and narrow when they fall.

What protects it. The core advantage is asset quality and position on the cost curve. The integrated Pilbara system of mines, rail and ports is guided to cost $23.5–25.0 per wet tonne in 2026. New entrants cannot quickly replicate assets like these because of the capital, permits and years of development involved. In copper, Oyu Tolgoi is guided to average about 500,000 tonnes a year on a 100% basis over 2028–2036, which makes it a long-life asset. Record bauxite production in 2025 supported the aluminium chain.

Capital allocation. The dividend policy pays out 40–60% of underlying earnings across the cycle, and the 2026 interim payout was 50%. Management guides to capital investment of up to $11bn a year in 2026 and 2027, falling below $10bn later. It is also targeting $5–10bn of cash proceeds from its asset base, including testing the market for the borates and titanium dioxide businesses.

Where the model is weakest. Rio cannot set prices, and several large growth projects sit in jurisdictions with political and permitting risk: Guinea, Mongolia, Argentina and Serbia, where the Jadar lithium project was put on care and maintenance in November 2025.

5. Financial Health

All figures come from Rio Tinto's annual and half-year results releases and its SEC 20-F and 6-K filings, and are in US dollars. EPS and dividends are in US cents. Long-term debt is non-current borrowings from the balance sheet.

Fiscal YearRevenue ($m)YoY %GAAP EPSAdjusted EPSDividend/shareLong-term debt (YE)
FY202163,495+42.3%1,304.7c1,321.0c†1,040c (incl. 247c special)$11,356m
FY202255,554-12.5%765.0c824.7c†492c$10,148m
FY202354,041-2.7%620.3c725.0c†435c$12,177m
FY202453,658-0.7%711.7c669.5c†402c$12,262m
FY202557,638+7.4%613.7c669.2c†402c$21,198m

† Adjusted EPS is Rio Tinto's underlying EPS, which excludes impairments, disposal gains, exchange differences on debt and other items the company treats as exceptional. GAAP EPS is basic IFRS EPS; FY2022 is as restated. The FY2021 YoY figure is against FY2020 revenue of $44,611m. Dividends are total ordinary plus special dividends declared for each year.

Rio Tinto reports results half-yearly. The table runs most recent period first, with the FY2025 total in bold.

Quarter / HalfRevenueAdjusted EPSGAAP EPS
H1 2026 (to 30 Jun 2026)$31,028m421.4c409.9c
H2 2025 (derived)‡$30,765m~373.2c~334.9c
H1 2025 (to 30 Jun 2025)$26,873m296.0c278.8c
FY2025 total$57,638m669.2c613.7c

‡ Second-half figures are derived by subtracting the reported first half from the full year. Derived EPS is approximate because weighted share counts differ between periods.

Profitability. FY2025 IFRS operating profit was $14,936m (FY2024: $15,653m) and underlying EBITDA was $25,363m. In H1 2026 operating profit rose to $9,160m from $6,971m, underlying EBITDA was $14,826m and underlying return on capital employed was 17%.

Cash flow, FY2025. Net cash generated from operating activities was $16,832m. Purchases of property, plant, equipment and intangibles were $12,335m, so operating cash flow less capex was about $4,497m. Rio's own statutory free cash flow measure, which also deducts lease payments and other items, was $4,025m. Depreciation and amortisation was $6,577m.

Cash flow, H1 2026. Operating cash flow was $9,173m, up 32%, and purchases of property, plant, equipment and intangibles were $5,947m. Depreciation and amortisation was $3,613m. Free cash flow on Rio's revised definition was $3,834m, up 75%. From H1 2026 that definition deducts Rio's share of capital investment. Working capital absorbed $1.6bn, including a $443m Oyu Tolgoi tax payment made while reserving the right to dispute it.

Balance sheet. At 30 June 2026 current borrowings were $1,228m and non-current borrowings $20,186m, against cash and cash equivalents of $8,913m. Net debt was $14,061m (31 December 2025: $14,362m) and net gearing was 16%. At 31 December 2025 current borrowings were $733m, non-current borrowings $21,198m, cash $8,872m and current investments $547m. The jump in borrowings during 2025 followed the $6.7bn Arcadium Lithium acquisition, completed on 6 March 2025, and about $9bn of US bonds issued that month.

2026 guidance (reiterated 15 July 2026).

  • Iron ore: Pilbara shipments of 323–338Mt on a 100% basis; Simandou 5–10Mt.
  • Copper: 800–870kt.
  • Aluminium and lithium: aluminium 3.25–3.45Mt; lithium carbonate equivalent 61–64kt.
  • Unit costs: Pilbara $23.5–25.0 per wet tonne; copper C1 30–50 US cents per pound.
  • Capital investment: up to $11bn.

Track the London-listed shares against these figures on the ChartsView Live Charts page.

6. Valuation Metrics

Raw metrics, September 2026. Not opinions on whether the stock is cheap or expensive.

MetricValue
Share price~7,198p (RIO.L, 23 September 2026, intraday; previous close 7,234p). NYSE ADR $97.49 at the close on 22 September 2026
Market cap~£117bn / ~US$155bn for the combined plc and Limited group, September 2026
Trailing P/E (GAAP)~12.8x (market cap ~$155bn / TTM net earnings $12.10bn, being FY2025 $9,966m less H1 2025 $4,528m plus H1 2026 $6,664m). TTM basic EPS 744.8 US cents. On TTM underlying earnings of $12.91bn the multiple is ~12.0x
P/E (forward)n/a — Rio Tinto does not give earnings guidance. For reference only, H1 2026 underlying EPS of 421.4c annualised is 842.8c, which is ~11.6x the $97.49 ADR price (one ADR represents one plc share)
P/S (TTM)~2.5x (market cap ~$155bn / TTM revenue $61.79bn, being FY2025 $57,638m less H1 2025 $26,873m plus H1 2026 $31,028m)
Enterprise value~$167bn (market cap ~$155bn + total debt $21.4bn − cash and short-term investments ~$9.1bn, per the 30 June 2026 balance sheet; total debt = current borrowings $1,228m + non-current borrowings $20,186m)
EV/EBITDA (TTM)~6.9x (EV ~$167bn / TTM EBITDA ~$24.4bn). EBITDA = TTM IFRS operating profit $17,125m + TTM depreciation and amortisation $7,232m from the cash flow statements. On Rio's TTM underlying EBITDA of $28.6bn the multiple is ~5.8x
P/FCF~28x (market cap ~$155bn / TTM FCF ~$5.5bn; FCF = TTM operating cash flow $19,081m − TTM purchases of PP&E and intangibles $13,548m). On FY2025 alone ($16,832m − $12,335m = $4,497m) the multiple is ~34x
52-week high8,325p, 2 June 2026
52-week low4,808p, 26 September 2025
Short interest (% of float)~0.80% for the NYSE ADR line (10.03m shares short at the 31 August 2026 settlement, MarketBeat, measured against the plc share base). The FCA register shows no disclosed net short position of 0.5% or more in the London shares
Days to cover~4.3 days (NYSE ADR, 31 August 2026 settlement, MarketBeat)
Dividend / yield~4.8% trailing (FY2025 final 254c + 2026 interim 211c = 465 US cents, against the $97.49 ADR price)

7. What Are They Building

Simandou, Guinea. The high-grade iron ore project is in its ramp-up phase. According to the 15 July 2026 operations review, the SimFer mine and port works were more than 75% complete, 2.2Mt had been shipped to China in H1 2026 and the first 0.4Mt of customer sales had been made. 2026 guidance is 5–10Mt.

Copper growth. Rio expects Oyu Tolgoi to average about 500,000 tonnes of copper a year on a 100% basis over 2028–2036 as the underground mine ramps up. Mongolia has agreed to start resolving the licence transfer for the Entrée Resources area that covers part of Panel 1. At Resolution Copper in Arizona the land exchange was completed in March 2026, although three lawsuits continue. At Winu in Western Australia, Rio signed a Project Agreement with the Nyangumarta Warrarn Aboriginal Corporation on 10 September 2026.

Lithium. First production came from Sal de Vida and Fenix 1B in Argentina in H1 2026, ahead of plan. The Rincon project has a $1.175bn lender financing package. Construction at Nemaska in Quebec, where Rio holds 53.9%, has been slowed, with first production now expected in 2028. 2026 lithium carbonate equivalent guidance is 61–64kt.

Aluminium power. On 13 August 2026 Rio announced an agreement securing the Tomago smelter in New South Wales (51.55% owned) to 2038. It includes a 10-year power purchase agreement from 2029 and A$1.1bn of investment, and follows a similar deal for the Boyne smelter in March 2026. Alumina output at Yarwun in Queensland is to fall by 40% from October 2026.

Marketing and trading. Bloomberg reported on 24 September 2026 that Rio plans to expand its marketing arm to trade other producers' metal and derivatives, part of Trott's push to make the business more agile.

8. Peer Comparison

PeerMarket cap (September 2026)Key 2025 metric
Rio Tinto (RIO.L / RIO)~US$155bn (companiesmarketcap, Sep 2026)FY2025 revenue $57.6bn; underlying EBITDA $25.4bn (company results, 19 Feb 2026)
BHP (BHP.L / BHP)~US$217bn (companiesmarketcap, Sep 2026)FY to June 2025 revenue $51.3bn; underlying EBITDA ~$26bn (BHP results release, Aug 2025)
Freeport-McMoRan (FCX)~US$104bn (companiesmarketcap, Sep 2026)2025 revenue $25.9bn (Freeport Q4 and full-year 2025 release)
Glencore (GLEN.L)~US$86bn (companiesmarketcap, Sep 2026)2025 adjusted EBITDA $13.5bn, down 6% (Glencore preliminary results 2025)
Vale (VALE)~US$59bn (companiesmarketcap, Sep 2026)2025 net revenue $38.4bn (Vale 2025 annual report release)
Anglo American (AAL.L)~US$57bn (companiesmarketcap, Sep 2026)2025 revenue $18.5bn; underlying EBITDA $6.4bn (Anglo American results, 20 Feb 2026). The merger with Teck had not completed at the time of writing
Fortescue (FMG.AX)~US$37bn (companiesmarketcap, Sep 2026)FY to June 2025 revenue $15.5bn; underlying EBITDA $7.9bn (FY25 results)

Rio and BHP are the two largest iron ore exporters from the Pilbara. Vale and Fortescue compete directly in seaborne iron ore, while Freeport, Glencore and Anglo American compete for copper growth. Glencore and Rio confirmed merger talks on 8 January 2026, and on 5 February 2026 Rio issued a formal statement that it did not intend to make an offer. The UK Takeover Code restriction attached to that statement lapsed in early August 2026, and no renewed approach has been announced.

9. Insider Activity

Chief Executive Simon Trott made no open-market purchases or sales in 2026. His dealings were limited to Equity Incentive Plan awards in March. The only open-market director purchases were small buys of Rio Tinto Limited shares on the ASX by Senior Independent Director Ben Wyatt. CFO Peter Cunningham's dealings are small share-plan transactions. Figures are from Rio Tinto's PDMR dealing announcements; values are derived from shares multiplied by price.

NameDateTypeSharesPriceValuePlan Type
Ben Wyatt (Senior Independent Director)17 Sep 2026Buy (Limited shares)200A$165.88~A$33,200Open market
Ben Wyatt (Senior Independent Director)30 Jul 2026Buy (Limited shares)300A$166.795~A$50,000Open market
Peter Cunningham (CFO)17 Jul 2026Buy 6 / sell 4 (plc)6 / 46,649.60p / 6,639.91p~£660 in totalShare plan dealings
Peter Cunningham (CFO)16 Apr 2026Dividend reinvestment1607,378.34p~£11,800Dividend reinvestment plan
Simon Trott (CEO)19 Mar 2026Award10,484 bonus deferral + 146,011 performance sharesNil costNilEquity Incentive Plan 2018; performance measured over 3 years, then a 2-year holding period
Peter Cunningham (CFO)19 Mar 2026Award6,885 bonus deferral + 83,518 performance sharesNil costNilEquity Incentive Plan 2018
Ben Wyatt (Senior Independent Director)23 Feb 2026Buy (Limited shares)100A$160.62~A$16,100Open market

JPMorgan ceased to be a substantial holder in Rio Tinto Limited on 18 September 2026.

10. Key Risks

  • Commodity prices (Market): Rio is a price-taker. Iron ore still generates most of its EBITDA, so a fall in Chinese steel output or a rise in seaborne supply from Simandou and other projects would hit earnings directly.
  • Host-country and fiscal risk (Regulatory): Mongolia issued tax assessments of about $443m on Oyu Tolgoi in February 2026, which Rio paid under protest, and a protest blockade stopped exports until 18 June 2026. Guinea, Argentina and Serbia add permitting and political risk to growth projects.
  • Project execution (Operational): Simandou, Oyu Tolgoi underground, Rincon and Nemaska are large, complex builds. Nemaska has already been slowed, and the Kennecott furnace breach in June 2026 needed a rebuild of about 75 days.
  • Capital intensity and leverage (Financial): capital investment of up to $11bn a year in 2026 and 2027 and a larger debt load after Arcadium leave less room for the dividend if prices weaken. Net debt was $14.1bn at 30 June 2026.
  • Energy and input costs (Operational): diesel at about $140 a barrel added roughly $0.8 a tonne to Pilbara costs in H1 2026, and smelters depend on long-term power contracts such as those just struck for Tomago and Boyne.
  • Legal and social licence (Legal): three lawsuits continue against Resolution Copper, the Jadar lithium project in Serbia has been on care and maintenance since November 2025, and new and modernised agreements with Traditional Owner groups, such as those signed in September 2026, are a condition for developing projects in the Pilbara.

11. Recent Developments

  • 24 Sep 2026 — Trading arm expansion reported. Bloomberg reported that Rio plans to expand its metals marketing business to trade other producers' metal and derivatives. The 211 US cent interim dividend was paid the same day.
  • 18 Sep 2026 — JPMorgan no longer a substantial holder. JPMorgan's interest in Rio Tinto Limited fell below the 5% substantial-holding threshold.
  • 17 Sep 2026 — Director purchase. Senior Independent Director Ben Wyatt bought 200 Rio Tinto Limited shares at A$165.88.
  • 10 Sep 2026 — Winu Project Agreement. Rio signed a Project Agreement with the Nyangumarta Warrarn Aboriginal Corporation for the proposed Winu copper-gold mine in Western Australia, following an interim modernised agreement with the Ngarlawangga Aboriginal Corporation on 8 September.
  • 13 Aug 2026 — Tomago smelter secured to 2038. Agreement including a 10-year power purchase agreement from 2029 and A$1.1bn of investment. The shares went ex-dividend the same day.
  • 29 Jul 2026 — H1 2026 results. Revenue $31.0bn, up 15%; underlying EBITDA $14.8bn, up 28%; net earnings $6.66bn, up 47%; free cash flow $3.83bn, up 75%; interim dividend 211 US cents, up 43%. $870m of productivity benefits delivered towards a $1.8bn annualised target.
  • 15 Jul 2026 — Q2 2026 operations review. Copper-equivalent production up 3% in H1, with Oyu Tolgoi copper up 31%. Copper unit-cost guidance cut to 30–50 US cents per pound. A Kennecott furnace breach will reduce H2 refined copper, although total copper guidance is unchanged. First lithium from Sal de Vida and Fenix 1B.

For the macro data that moves commodity prices, including Chinese activity and US rates, see the ChartsView Economic Calendar.

12. Key Dates to Watch

  • Expected 13 Oct 2026 — Q3 2026 operations review (production and shipments), per market calendars; Rio has not yet confirmed the date in a key-dates notice
  • Expected Dec 2026 — possible investor seminar or capital markets update; Rio held a Capital Markets Day in December 2025. No 2026 date has been published
  • Expected Jan 2027 — Q4 2026 operations review and 2027 production guidance. No date published
  • Expected Feb 2027 — FY2026 annual results and final dividend declaration. FY2025 results were published on 19 February 2026; no FY2026 date has been announced
  • Expected Mar 2027 — ex-dividend date for the FY2026 final dividend. The FY2025 final went ex-dividend on 5 March 2026

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Disclaimer: This research is produced by ChartsView for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute financial advice or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. All information is sourced from publicly available company filings, press releases, and official data. ChartsView does not use analyst opinions or third-party ratings. Always conduct your own due diligence and consider your personal financial situation before making investment decisions. Past performance is not indicative of future results.

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13. Thesis Verdict

Thesis strength
Moderate
52 / 100

The central thesis. Rio Tinto is a diversified miner that sells iron ore, aluminium, copper and lithium at market prices from a low-cost asset base anchored by the Pilbara iron ore system, where 2026 unit costs are guided at $23.5–25.0 per wet tonne. FY2025 revenue rose 7.4% to $57.6bn with underlying earnings of $10.9bn, and H1 2026 accelerated sharply: revenue up 15% to $31.0bn, underlying EBITDA up 28% to $14.8bn and the interim dividend up 43% to 211 US cents. Management has reiterated 2026 guidance for 323–338Mt of Pilbara shipments and 800–870kt of copper and is targeting a $1.8bn annualised productivity run-rate by year-end. The main structural drivers are copper growth from the Oyu Tolgoi underground mine and the ramp-up of Simandou in Guinea.

What would confirm or break it. Confirmation would come from continued copper volume growth at lower unit costs, Simandou shipments landing within the 5–10Mt 2026 range and free cash flow comfortably covering the dividend while net debt of $14.1bn falls. The thesis would be undermined by a sustained fall in the iron ore price, further fiscal or political disruption in Mongolia, Guinea or Argentina, or project overruns that push capital investment above the guided $11bn a year and strain the balance sheet enlarged by the Arcadium acquisition.

Watchpoints

  • ConfirmsSubsequent earnings and filings reinforcing the figures presented in this report.
  • ConfirmsEvidence supporting the "Earnings momentum in 2026:" thesis continuing to build across subsequent filings.
  • InvalidatesMaterialisation of the "Commodity prices (Market):" risk, or any disclosure that fundamentally alters the capital-return or growth profile stated by management.

Diagnostic grid

Bull vs Bear
5 : 4
Peer score
— n/a
5y trend
Negative
High-sev risks
0 of 6
Recent news
Net upgrades
Generated
24 Sep 2026
Weak · 0–40 Moderate · 41–70 Strong · 71–100

Generated by ChartsView research tooling. Thesis strength measures how well the evidence in this report supports the company's stated thesis — it is NOT a buy/sell rating or price target. ChartsView is not authorised by the FCA to provide regulated investment advice. Generated 24 Sep 2026.